Open HSI menu
Subscribe Login

Home / Articles and Press Releases / Article / Anthropomorphic Manikins

CATEGORIES

  • Latest Issue
  • Above The Neck Protection
  • Chemical Protection
  • Confined Space
  • Construction
  • Emergency Procedures
  • Energy, Oil and Mining Industries
  • Eye Protection
  • Fall Protection
  • Gas Detection
  • Hand Protection
  • Hazardous and Explosive Atmospheres
  • Health and Safety Awareness
  • Hearing Protection
  • Heat and Flame
  • Lighting and ATEX
  • Noise Monitoring
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Respiratory Protection
  • Safety Footwear
  • Safety Technology
  • Safety Training
  • Slips, Trips and Falls
  • Wellbeing at Work
  • Working at Height
  • Working Rights

MORE

  • Press Releases
  • Events
  • Videos
  • Webinars
  • Magazines

COMPANY

  • About
  • Advertising
  • Newsletter
  • Contact
Open HSI menu
Subscribe

Home / Articles and Press Releases / Article / Anthropomorphic Manikins

CATEGORIES

  • Latest Issue
  • Above The Neck Protection
  • Chemical Protection
  • Confined Space
  • Construction
  • Emergency Procedures
  • Energy, Oil and Mining Industries
  • Eye Protection
  • Fall Protection
  • Gas Detection
  • Hand Protection
  • Hazardous and Explosive Atmospheres
  • Health and Safety Awareness
  • Hearing Protection
  • Heat and Flame
  • Lighting and ATEX
  • Noise Monitoring
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Respiratory Protection
  • Safety Footwear
  • Safety Technology
  • Safety Training
  • Slips, Trips and Falls
  • Wellbeing at Work
  • Working at Height
  • Working Rights

MORE

  • Press Releases
  • Events
  • Videos
  • Webinars
  • Magazines

COMPANY

  • About
  • Advertising
  • Newsletter
  • Contact

CATEGORIES

  • Article
  • Press Release
  • Above The Neck Protection
  • Chemical Protection
  • Confined Space
  • Construction
  • Emergency Procedures
  • Energy, Oil and Mining Industries
  • Eye Protection
  • Fall Protection
  • Gas Detection
  • Hand Protection
  • Hazardous and Explosive Atmospheres
  • Health and Safety Awareness
  • Hearing Protection
  • Heat and Flame
  • Lighting and ATEX
  • Noise Monitoring
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Respiratory Protection
  • Safety Footwear
  • Safety Technology
  • Safety Training
  • Slips, Trips and Falls
  • Wellbeing at Work
  • White Papers
  • Working at Height
  • Working Rights

Article

Anthropomorphic Manikins

By Dr Krzysztof Baszczynski

| Read Bio

Published: March 29th, 2018

Share this article

In this article, Dr Krzysztof Baszczynski explores the use of anthropomorphic manikins in the study of individual fall protection equipment.

The data published by the Central Statistical Office1 indicates that in Poland alone in 2016, there were in total 5,500 accidents associated with a fall from a height in the work environment. Among these, 32 were serious and 28 resulted in a worker’s death. This means that a fall from a height is one of the most dangerous phenomena encountered by people at their workplaces.

Increasing the level of safety of employees working in such conditions may be based on the appropriate organisational solutions, the application of collective protection measures or individual equipment protecting against falls from height. The use of personal protective equipment is one of the methods most commonly used in Poland in this area to protect the workers.

To date, the protective equipment has had to undergo tests to check its compliance with the requirements of the directive 89/686/EEC2 to make it available for users in accordance with the applicable regulations. In practice, it means the applications of the requirements and test methods contained in the European Standards are harmonised with this directive.

Fall protection tools

The basic tool used so far to test harnesses protecting against falls from height (e.g. full body harnesses, work positioning belts, sit harnesses) under fall arrest conditions is a rigid torso dummy, meeting the requirements of EN 364:19923. It is a manikin in the form of a human torso, with 100 kg mass, and the centre of gravity based on anthropometric measurements. It is used in dynamic strength tests, and in the case of full body harnesses for determining the position it assumes after fall arrest.

- hsi -

The manikin, due to its construction, deviates significantly from the human body in terms of mechanical parameters and therefore it is of little use for the study of the dynamic phenomena accompanying fall arrest by individual protective equipment.

Due to the importance of such tests and their indispensability in the development of individual protective equipment against falls from height, anthropomorphic manikins are a preferred choice.

Figure 1: Type Hybrid III 50th Pedestrian ATD and Hybrid III 95th Pedestrian ATD anthropomorphic manikins

As seen in Figure 1, the two types of anthropomorphic manikins looked at in this article, are:

  • Hybrid III 50th Pedestrian ATD
  • Hybrid III 95th Pedestrian ATD4,5

Manikin test uses

Yl38wzd21oooskf2o8vo - hsi -

Such manikins constitute standard equipment of laboratories conducting safety tests related to the automotive industry, aviation, sports, etc. In the CIOP-PIB laboratory these manikins are equipped with a data acquisition system enabling the measurement of the head, chest and pelvis accelerations in three orthogonal directions, forces and moments of forces in the cervical and lumbar segments of the spine, chest deflection and forces and moments of forces in the forearms, arms and thighs.

Figure 2: The anthropomorphic manikin on the test stand prepared for initiation of the fall

“data acquisition system measures forces in the cervical and lumbar segments of the spine and chest deflection”

The manikins are an element of the test stand, whose main components include:

  • The supporting structure, simulating the worksite, enabling to anchor the equipment protecting against falls from a height
  • A wall crane for lifting and lowering the manikin, equipped with a device for quick release of the dummy
  • Construction allowing the manikin a pre-set spatial position before the start of falling
  • A system for measuring the force at the anchorage point of protective equipment
  • A digital camera to record the performance of the manikin and equipment during the fall arrest

Swinging motion

- hsi -

The equipment presented was used in the research conducted at CIOP-PIB in 2016 – 2017, the main purpose of which was to determine the mechanical phenomena accompanying the fall arrest, which terminated with a swinging motion of the falling subject and consequent collision with an obstacle within the worksite. An example of such a phenomenon is presented in Figure 3.

Fig. 3: Swinging movement of the dummy during the fall arrest and its ultimate collision with a flat obstacle

Thanks to the use of an anthropomorphic dummy, the conducted tests made it possible to analyse the causes of the swinging movement during the fall arrest and to detect its most dangerous cases. Owing to the obtained results, among others, basic requirements for protective helmets designed for simultaneous use with individual fall protection equipment were formulated.

Improving work conditions

Miqmceirzlekqap0y8qh - hsi -

Anthropomorphic manikins are the main measurement tool in the research undertaken at CIOP-PIB in the project implemented under the fourth stage of the multi-annual programme designed to improve labour safety and working conditions, scheduled for 2017-2019. The main goal of the research is to identify the dangerous phenomena accompanying the fall arrest, which are not detected by the standard methods of testing protective equipment. That will allow creation of improved assessment criteria and methods of testing personal protective equipment against falls from height, enabling the development of new safer designs.

Figure 4: The anthropomorphic manikin after the fall arrest by: a) retractable type fall arrester, and b) guided type fall arresters with a flexible anchor line

The examples of the dummy positions after the fall arrest by retractable type fall arrester and guided type fall arresters with a flexible anchor line are shown in Figure 4.

The anthropomorphic dummies in the CIOP-PIB laboratory were also be used in studies of the operation of detectors of safety harness overload. As a result, the correctness of the detector function indicating the necessity to withdraw protective equipment from use was confirmed.

Summary

Ibyftsvstenu2f2fb7b2 - hsi -

The presented examples of the use of anthropomorphic manikins in the study of individual fall protection equipment show that they are a very valuable research tool. Thanks to their design, they allow you to approximate the real phenomena taking place during the fall arrest, and thus to better predict the dangerous situations. The use of anthropomorphic manikins can provide very valuable data necessary in the design of new constructions to protect against falls from heights.

References

  1. Central Statistical Office (GUS). Wypadki przy pracy w 2016 r. [Occupational accidents in 2016]. Warsaw: GUS; 2017.
  2. Directive 89/686 / EEC – personal protective equipment.
  3. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Personal protective equipment against falls from a height. Test methods. Brussels: CEN; 1992. Standard No. EN 364: 1992.
  4. Humanetics. Crash Test Dummies [Internet]. Plymouth, MI, USA: Humanetics. Available from: www.humaneticsatd.com/crashtest- dummies.
  5. Humanetics. Hybrid III 50M Pedestrian [Internet]. Plymouth, MI, USA: Humanetics. Available from: www.humaneticsatd.com/crash-test-dummies/pedestrian/hybridiii50m.

Share this article

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr Krzysztof Baszczynski

Dr Krzysztof Baszczynski is the manager of the Laboratory of Safety Helmets and Equipment Protecting Against Falls from a Height in the Department of Personal Protective Equipment of Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB). He received MSc degree in electronics in 1985 and PhD in 1994 from the Technical University of Łódz, Poland. Since 1985 he has been working in the Institute.

Connect with Dr Krzysztof Baszczynski

POPULAR POSTS BY Dr Krzysztof Baszczynski

Istock 918120248 0 10 1686 3000 - hsi -

Article

Anthropomorphic Manikins

Get email updates

Sign up for the HSI newsletter

Keep up-to-date through the power of email with Europe's largest audited safety magazine - delivering the latest news and products to satisfy all your occupational safety needs.
  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

FEATURED ARTICLES

Article

 Thameslink Traffic Management Programme

Press Release

‘Working At Height’ Remains Biggest Danger

Press Release

“Uncertainty and Ignorance” Risks More Asbestos Deaths

Advertisement

SOCIAL MEDIA

HSI on Facebook

https://www.facebook.com/HSIMagazine/

Advertisement

SOCIAL MEDIA

HSI on Twitter

hsimagazine HSI Magazine @hsimagazine ·
25 Jan

Global gas sensing leader @ionscience has today formally announced the addition of a high-specification Particulate Matter (PM) sensor to its portfolio.

Read all about this exciting addition!
https://www.hsimagazine.com/press-release/worlds-best-performing-particulate-matter-pm-sensor-now-available-from-ion-science-ltd/

#hsimagazine #ionscience #particulatematter

Reply on Twitter 1618280038557970432 Retweet on Twitter 1618280038557970432 Like on Twitter 1618280038557970432 Twitter 1618280038557970432

Advertisement

SUBSCRIBE

Stay up to date with our newsletter

    • Keep up-to-date with Europe’s largest audited safety magazine

 

    • Delivering the latest news and products to satisfy all your occupational safety needs

 

This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Subscribe

SUBSCRIBE TO HSI MAGAZINE

5 reasons to subscribe to our digital and print package

  • Stay up to date from anywhere in the world, with instant access to the latest issue straight from your phone, tablet or laptop.
  • Trust that you’re getting the best content from our range of internationally accredited authors.
  • Get full access to our archives and see how occupational safety has evolved with us over the years.
  • Enjoy our monthly newsletter curated with up-to-the-minute news and a selection of editor’s top picks.
  • Hot off the press and straight to your door – look forward to your own glossy copy of HSI, delivered five times a year
Subscribe View Subscription levels

STAY SAFE & INFORMED

Subscribe to the best health & safety articles, news, products and regulations

Find out more

Stay up to date with our newsletter

  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

ABOUT

  • About HSI International
  • Advertise
  • Contact Us

YOUR ACCOUNT

Sign In Register Account Subscribe to HSI

RESOURCES

Request Media Pack

CONNECT

ACCREDITATIONS

Copyright Bay Publishing 2023. All Rights reserved.

Designed & Built by:
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cookie Policy
We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.
Cookie settingsACCEPT
Manage consent

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Always Enabled
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
CookieDurationDescription
cookielawinfo-checbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
Functional
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Performance
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
Analytics
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Advertisement
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
SAVE & ACCEPT